IN WHAT WAYS HAVE GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN INDIAN CLASSICAL AND FOLK DANCE FORMS EVOLVED, AND HOW DO CONTEMPORARY DANCERS NEGOTIATE GENDER IDENTITY THROUGH THEIR PERFORMANCES?

Abstract

This paper explores the evolution of gender representations in Indian classical and folk dance forms, focusing on how contemporary performers negotiate and express gender identities through their art. It analyzes dance as both a performative act and a medium of meaning, drawing from aesthetics, anthropology, and sociology. Classical dance forms, shaped by the Natyasastra and Vedic traditions, exhibit a complex relationship with gender—often reinforcing patriarchal norms in narrative but allowing for gender fluidity in performance. Folk dances, on the other hand, are more closely tied to the lived experiences and socio-cultural norms of specific communities. The study highlights variations in gender roles, expressions, and inclusivity across regions and traditions. Through case studies such as Bharatanatyam, Kathakali, Melam, and Bihu, the paper illustrates how dance continues to evolve with societal shifts, especially under the influence of digital media and changing gender discourses. The research concludes that both classical and folk dances are gradually moving toward more inclusive and flexible interpretations of gender, reflecting broader cultural transformations in India.