The EPH - International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IJHSS) operates under an author-retained copyright model. Authors publishing in the journal retain full ownership of the copyright in their work without restriction.

Upon acceptance and publication, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive, worldwide, perpetual license to publish, reproduce, archive, distribute, and communicate the published version of the article in all formats and media. The journal is granted the right of first publication.

All published articles are made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction, and adaptation of the work in any medium, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the journal.

Users are allowed to share and adapt the material for any purpose, including commercial use, as long as proper attribution is provided and any changes made are clearly indicated.

Author Rights

• Archive the published version of the article in institutional or subject repositories
• Share the published article on personal or institutional websites
• Use the work in teaching materials, presentations, and academic courses
• Reproduce portions of the work in future scholarly publications, books, or research outputs with appropriate citation
• Retain any patent, trademark, or other proprietary rights arising from the research

The journal is committed to ensuring transparency in licensing, protection of intellectual property rights, and compliance with internationally recognized ethical publishing standards.